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The Challenge of Critical Realism

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Critical Realism: What We Know and What is Real Before anything else, a quick dip into Critical Realism.  There are three principles in critical realism that is posited by Bhaskar (1975). One is Ontological Realism- that the world is independent of our perception and knowing, therefore the world exists outside of how we perceive and understand it. Two, is Epistemic Relativism, that knowledge is produced socially, therefore it is a product of social and linguistic conditions. As it is a social product, it can also be fallible and changeable. Lastly, there’s Judgmental Rationality- an idea that states that it is possible and necessary to engage in the evaluation of different and conflicting assertions about the world because there are rational grounds for doing so. Three domains in Ontological Realism,   Holmen, 2020  through DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.36804.86407 In Ontological Realism , I recognize that reality exists beyond me and my understanding of it. As a researcher, I rec...
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Hindu ka tag-payanaen? Education and Research as a Reconnecting, Grounding, and Identifying Force

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  With Bae Sophia Salvo Mancolintas, 2013. I begin with this. This is Bae Sophia Salvo Mancolintas. A Higa-onon from Alubijid, Misamis Oriental. When I was younger, she'd tell me stories of how, when she herself was a young girl- escaped the war by hiding in a cave curtained by a waterfall. She showed me her bansil - her teeth wrapped thinly-hammered bulawan (gold). I spent summers with her in lime-encrusted Ulab, where I often saw her in her small hut, sweeping away the sineguelas leaves that blocked the stairway. She was my great-grandmother on my mother's side. We called her ' guyang '. Until now I don't know what that word means exactly, but I know that it referred to her.  I didn't grow up in Ulab. I grew up in urban Cagayan de Oro. Nanay Norma, my grandmother, moved to the city in the '60s to find better opportunities. She met my grandfather and settled. My mother was born and raised in Cagayan, and through hard work, gained an Atenean education. My ...
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